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1.0 INTRODUCTION
In 2015 the UN General Assembly formally accepted a new set of 17 measurable Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).1
These include:
ranging from ending world poverty to achieving gender equality and empowering women and girls by 2030. These are to succeed the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), a set of eight measurable goals which were signed in September 2000.
Linking survey cluster location data to other conditions in the communities at state and national level is very useful for understanding and explaining why unfavorable conditions continue to occur at high rates in spite of expensive interventions. An example is the incidence of meningitis and rainfall, and seasons of the year.
1.1 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM [GIS]
These are indicators which can be obtained easily from community, state and national geographic information system [GIS]. Moreover, small communities, state and national comparisons can be achieved with these data.
GIS2,3 lets us visualize, question, analyze and interpret data so we can better understand relationships, the patterns and the trends. It displays after analysis geographic and spatial data. It is very valuable tool that can be used to visualize spatial data or to build decision support systems for use.
GIS can potentially identify locations anywhere on earth and compare data by geographical location and by its characteristics including population demographic characteristics.
GIS can locate by:
2.0 JUSTIFICATION:
Achieving the MDGs4 produced a success story particularly in many developed areas. However, targets were not always met in developing countries particularly for child mortality and maternal health. For this reason, this study will focus on target 3. Innovative ways to reduce morbidity and mortality will be articulated in a full proposal. Successful intervention is possible when the cultural, political and societal norms are carefully considered.
3.0 GENERAL OBJECTIVES:
To Reduce the maternal mortality ratio [MMR] to less than 70 per 100,000 live births in Nigeria by 2030 . Target indicators as specified by SDG will be used for this exercise. Regional data will be collected. Data will be mapped by GIS.
3.1 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
TARGETS INDICATORS : output interest in REGIONS
Reduce the National, State, and local maternal mortality ratio [MMR] to less than 70 per 100,000 live births by
All clusters with global MMR more than or equal to 70 per 100,000 live births In sub-Saharan Africa - Nigeria , will be identified. In addition, GIS will provide demographic and population specific information about the clusters. Water supply, Available antenatal /prenatal clinics, immunization effort, place of delivery , mean maternal age , years of education; succeeding and preceding birth interval; age at first birth, mean parity ; number of antenatal visits if any and mean gestation at first presentation to health care. Information on the level of care available will also be mapped. Baseline data will be collected and mapped. HIV screening and prevention of vertical transmission in pregnancy and especially at delivery; and condom use5-9 will be obtained from DHS files and every 4.5 years with intervention. MMR will be assessed in the focus clusters to see if the goals are being met. Final assessment will be made for the year 2030 assessment.
3.2
End preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births : All clusters with IMR higher than 12 per 1000 will be easily identified and mapped by GIS. Demographic & population specific data will be obtained to further help tract progress towards achieving the goal and also will provide basis for ongoing intervention to meet the stated goal. Information for 3.1 and 3.2 are generally collected together. By 2030 final assessment will be made to see if goal are achieved.
Targets 3.3; 3.4; 3.5; 3.6; 3.7; 3.8; 3.9 and 3a,b,c can be done in a similar manner
By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases
3.4
By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being
3.5
Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol
3.6
By 2020, to halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents
3.7
By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programs
3.8
Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all
3.9
By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination
3.a
Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate
3.b
Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-communicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries, provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which affirms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all
3.c
Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least developed countries and small island developing States
3.d
Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks
REFERENCES
Ayodele Jibowu2 and Olusheyi Lawoyin1 1Frontline Research & Training in Reproductive and Family Health, USA. Registered in the State of Maryland USA & Nigeria. 2 Environmental Planner/GIS Specialist, P.O. Box 540072, Houston Texas 77254. toolawoyin@yahoo.com
GIS Policy Maps will be utilized
GIS will provide demographic and population specific information about the clusters. Water supply, Available antenatal /prenatal clinics, immunization effort, place of delivery , mean maternal age , years of education; succeeding and preceding birth interval; age at first birth, mean parity ; number of antenatal visits if any and mean gestation at first presentation to health care. Information on the level of care available will also be mapped. Baseline data will be collected and mapped. HIV screening and prevention of vertical transmission in pregnancy and especially at delivery; and condom use5-9 will be obtained from DHS files and every 4.5 years with intervention. MMR will be assessed in the focus clusters to see if the goals are being met. Final assessment will be made for the year 2030 assessment.
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